Egypt Crisis Finds Washington Largely Ambivalent and Aloof

An Egyptian flag was waved as an army helicopter flew over Tahrir Square on Friday. President Obama’s decision to go golfing on Friday angered some Egyptians

In polo shirt, shorts and sandals, President Obama headed to the golf course Friday morning with a couple of old friends, then flew to Camp David for a long weekend. Secretary of State John Kerry was relaxing at his vacation home in Nantucket.

Aides said both men were updated as increasingly bloody clashes left dozens dead in Egypt, but from outward appearances they gave little sense that the Obama administration viewed the broader crisis in Cairo with great alarm. While the violence distressed American leaders, the unspoken truth is that many of them are at least conflicted and in some cases not all that unhappy about the ouster of President Mohamed Morsi.

The relative calm in Washington also reflects a longer-term shift in American relations in the Middle East. While Egypt was once seen as the singular strategic player in the region, today other countries play a larger role. The overriding American interest in Egypt is preserving its three-decade peace with Israel, which officials believe the military is committed to doing.

No major American political figure has overtly endorsed the military seizure of power, but Mr. Morsi and his Muslim Brotherhood had few friends in Washington when he was elected a year ago and even fewer by the time he fell from power this week. Uncomfortable from the start with the rise of Islamists, even if by a vote broadly deemed democratic, the White House and Congress increasingly viewed Mr. Morsi as autocratic and even incompetent.

“If you said to people you can cast a secret ballot on whether to turn back the clock and have Morsi in power again, I don’t think very many people in Washington would turn back that clock,” said Elliott Abrams, a deputy national security adviser under President George W. Bush. “They’re just nervous about the implications going forward.”

Because the Muslim Brotherhood is hostile to the United States, Mr. Abrams said, some Republicans in particular “think this is just plain wonderful.” But he and other Republicans as well as a number of Democrats have more mixed feelings.

“There’s some relief about Morsi being gone from the scene, having been a problem,” said Representative Gerald E. Connolly of Virginia, a senior Democrat on a Middle East subcommittee. “On the other hand, there are a lot of us who are never going to be comfortable with military interventions to overthrow a democratically elected government, even one we have issues with.”

The Obama administration has reflected that ambivalence. At one point, Mr. Obama cultivated a relationship with Mr. Morsi and for a while in November thought he could be an effective partner when he helped defuse a crisis in Gaza. But within days, Mr. Morsi issued a decree claiming vast new powers, quickly puncturing the optimism in the White House and elsewhere in Washington, even though he later pulled back.

“Washington gave him a pretty good shot at proving the Brotherhood was going to govern democratically, reach out to the opposition and hold parliamentary elections soon after,” said Daniel C. Kurtzer, a former ambassador to Egypt. “Morsi failed on all counts. He proved to be not adept at doing any of these things.”

Privately, Mr. Obama was frustrated that Mr. Morsi had never reached out to the opposition and thought he should be more inclusive, aides said. When the end came at the hands of Egypt’s powerful military this week, Mr. Obama issued a written statement saying he was “deeply concerned” and urging the generals to restore a democratic government quickly. But he has made no comments about the matter beyond that.

The president met in the Situation Room on Thursday with his national security team, and the White House released a photograph showing the session. His cabinet secretaries and top national security aides called various officials in Egypt, Israel and elsewhere. But Mr. Obama’s decision to go golfing on Friday angered some Egyptians, and the only public comment from the administration as the crackdown in Cairo turned violent came from a State Department spokeswoman urging calm.

Mr. Kerry came under even more criticism for sailing off Nantucket on Wednesday as Mr. Morsi was being toppled. At first, the State Department denied that he had been on a boat even though a CBS News producer spotted him. By Friday, the department spokeswoman, Jennifer Psaki, retracted the denial, saying, “He was briefly on his boat on Wednesday.”

She added that Mr. Kerry otherwise had “worked around the clock all day” consulting with the White House and calling regional leaders, as well as making five calls that day alone to Ambassador Anne W. Patterson. He participated in Thursday’s Situation Room session by video conference. CBS posted a photo of him on the boat again Friday.

Whatever role the administration is playing behind the scenes, its public reticence has suggested its discomfort with choosing sides. In effect, it has accepted Mr. Morsi’s ouster and is not seeking to restore him, reasoning that in fact it could turn out for the best if the military quickly brought about new elections. The main priority is minimizing violence and repression of dissent.

Critics said the administration should have been more outspoken about Mr. Morsi’s mistakes along the way. “They messed up when they did not speak out about Morsi’s undemocratic ways,” said Steven A. Cook, a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. “It fed a narrative that the U.S. was only interested in stability.”

The American acceptance of the overthrow was reflected Friday in a statement issued by Representatives Ed Royce of California, the Republican chairman, and Eliot L. Engel of New York, the ranking Democrat, on the House Foreign Affairs Committee: “Real democracy requires inclusiveness, compromise, respect for human and minority rights and a commitment to the rule of law,” they said. “Morsi and his inner circle did not embrace any of these principles and instead chose to consolidate power and rule by fiat.”

Washington’s reaction also reinforced the changing role of Egypt in the region. While the United States continues to provide $1.5 billion a year in aid to Cairo, other states have emerged as muscular players over the years, including Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey and even tiny Qatar.

Still, officials and analysts said, Egypt remains important to the United States. Its peace with Israel is the cornerstone of security for the Jewish state and any future resolution of the conflict with Palestinians. American military deployments to the east depend on the Suez Canal. And Egyptian intelligence has been crucial in the hunt for terrorists.

“If you’re thinking in big global terms, Egypt and the entire Arab world have receded in importance,” said Mr. Kurtzer, the former ambassador. “But in terms of our immediate interest, Egypt is still important.”

Two protesters injured in during clashes were carried.

Rival crowds of demonstrators hurled rocks, missiles, Molotov cocktails and fireworks at each other in Tahrir Square, the spiritual center of Egypt’s 2011 revolution.

The Cairo clashes abated, at least temporarily, after a half-dozen armored vehicles full of black-clad police officers with shotguns and tear gas deployed on a Nile River bridge and headed toward the pro-Morsi crowd, firing their weapons, as the anti-Morsi side shouted “the police and the people are on hand!”

Opponents of Mr. Morsi took cover behind a makeshift shield during clashes with Muslim Brotherhood supporters near Tahrir Square in Cairo.

As light beamed a message onto a building in Tahrir Square in Cairo, opponents of Mr. Morsi waved national flags in a celebration of his removal from power.

Concrete pieces and bricks were turned into projectiles during clashes between Islamist pro-Morsi and anti-Morsi protesters in Tahrir Square.

With military helicopters circling well into the night, a new round of mass street violence convulsed downtown Cairo on Friday.

Pro-Morsi protesters tried to reach the Republican Guard headquarters.

Pro-Morsi crowds shouted slogans at the University of Cairo.

They reflected the resilient power of the Muslim Brotherhood to organize mass rallies in the aftermath of the military intervention that deposed Mr. Morsi, who was Egypt’s first freely elected president.

An Egyptian flag was waved in Cairo as an army helicopter flew over Tahrir Square to celebrate the military’s ouster of Mr. Morsi.

Soldiers stood guard outside the Republican Guard compound where Mr. Morsi was believed to be detained, as thousands confronted a phalanx of armed soldiers, armored vehicles and barbed wire ringing the facility.

Supporters of Mr. Morsi carried a man who was shot outside the Republican Guard headquarters.

Clerics sat on the stage in demonstrations supporting Mr. Morsi in a mosque in Nasr City.

Outside the Republican Guard headquarters.

“Where’s Morsi?” his supporters screamed. Others denounced Egypt’s defense minister, Gen. Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi, who had ordered Mr. Morsi removed from power Wednesday night. “Traitor, traitor, traitor! Sisi is a traitor!” they cried.

People carried a man who was shot outside the Republican Guard headquarters.

Witnesses said several pro-Morsi demonstrators were killed and many more wounded in gunfire there.

Islamist protesters, one holding a picture of Mr. Morsi, showed blood-stained hands after troops opened fire.

Men helped a wounded protester.

Islamist supporters of Mohamed Morsi, Egypt’s newly ousted president, prayed at a rally in Nasr City on Friday.

There were enormous and defiant pro-Morsi protests across Cairo on Friday, with demonstrators demanding Mr. Morsi’s reinstatement and engaging in sometimes deadly clashes with both security forces and those who had called for Mr. Morsi’s removal.